The deal divides countries into
three groups with different deadlines to reduce the use of factory-made
hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) gases, 10,000 times more powerful than carbon
dioxide as greenhouse gases.
Under the pact,
developed nations, including much of Europe and the United States,
commit to reducing their use of the gases incrementally, starting with a
10 percent cut by 2019 and reaching 85 per cent by 2036.
Two
groups of developing countries will freeze their use of the gases by
either 2024 or 2028, and then gradually reduce their use. India, Iran,
Iraq, Pakistan and the Gulf countries will meet the later deadline.
The deal binding 197 nations crowns a wave of measures to help fight climate change this month.
Last
week, the 2015 Paris Agreement to curb climate-warming emissions passed
its required threshold to enter into force after India, Canada and the
European Parliament ratified it.
Unlike the Paris agreement, the
Kigali deal is legally binding with specific timetables and has an
agreement by rich countries to help poor countries adapt their
technology.
A scientific panel advising the
signatories to the deal said phasing out HFCs will cost between $4
billion and $6 billion, said Manoj Kumar Singh, India's joint secretary
at the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Donors
had already put $80 million in a fund to start implementing the
agreement, said Gina McCarthy, administrator of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
The HFC talks is build on the 1987
Montreal Protocol, which succeeded in phasing out the use of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), widely used at that time in refrigeration
and aerosols.
The original aim of the Montreal
Protocol was to stop the depletion of the ozone layer, which shields the
planet from ultraviolet rays linked to skin cancer and other
conditions.
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